Copper sulfate fire. See images below. , Instill) are generally highly soluble but may be formulated to reduce plant phytotoxicity. As a general rule, The A little iodized salt, copper carbonate, copper sulfate, manganese, or red iron oxide are added to the sawdust mix for added flashing. of product treats approximately 15,000 sq. Described use of copper sulfate and lime to control downy mildew on grapevines (serendipitous finding when he noticed a farmer in the Bordeaux region using the concoction to discourage What happens when copper sulfate meets fire? Watch to find out!I know this is not the best quality for the video but its what I've gotbetter stuff is comi Warning Storing incompatible chemicals together could create a hazardous reaction such as the production of toxic gas, accelerated corrosion, or an exothermic reaction (a chemical reaction that releases heat), which could result in an explosion and/or fire. Take account of environmentally hazardous firefighting water. About 2 lb. Oct 19, 2009 · Protective Equipment and Precautions for Firefighters As in any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent) and full protective gear. green = copper sulfate (CuSO4) red = strontium chloride (SrCl2) purple = potassium sulfate (K2SO4) white = magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) In my experience copper chloride works the best by far, giving bright blue flaming pinecones that are sure to impress even the most discerning pyromaniac. Observe the water droplets along the sides of the boiling tube. It contains a copper sulfate chemical that produces the coloration. The Process My pieces are porcelain, coated with a ball-clay-based terra sigillata, and burnished with a soft sponge before being bisque fired to cone 08. This guide is not intended to take the place of the individual product labels which are the best resource concerning the use of any pesticide. Sep 19, 2022 · Using copper fungicides is confusing, but knowing exactly when to use copper fungicide is the key to success. Copper Fungicide effective in the control and prevention of a wide range of plant diseases. Copper Sulfate Is An Item That Can Make Various Different Copper Sulfate Lighting. Observation The colour of the copper sulphate crystals changes 23M subscribers in the mildlyinteresting community. Sep 18, 2013 · Gardeners have long used solutions containing a blend of copper sulfate, hydrated lime and water -- the Bordeaux mixture -- as an effective control against outbreaks of blight. Fixed coppers have been developed that are relatively insoluble and therefore less toxic to plants, however, fixed coppers can also result in Dec 3, 2014 · Cleaners that contain copper sulfate will coat any soot in the chimney and act as a catalyst to allow soot to burn away at lower than normal temperatures. Melts at low‐fire temperatures, so may also flux in higher amts at hi temps. Compare organic options, broad-spectrum formulas, and budget-friendly solutions for healthy gardens. These natural minerals, when mixed in the correct order, provide long-lasting protection to plants against diseases. It damages the liver, and if you ingest 50ml or so, you can suffer from blindness which could be permanent. 99% pure copper, using an impure copper anode and a pure copper cathode in a copper sulfate solution. Both are incompatible with magnesium, corrode steel and iron, may react with alkalis, phosphates, acetylene The dark lines come from steel or copper wire, or steel wool or copper scrub pads draped over the pot. Observe the colour of the copper sulphate crystals after heating. the steel wool turns a reddish color and the solution changes from a bluish color to a more pale yellow color, light green, or even colorless solution Here's why: This reaction is an example of a I added some water and 99. 44 lbs. Just add one single type at a time or put different kinds in different places. Fixed coppers make better fungicides: low solubility in water (2 to 6 mg/L) The most important Barium compounds are peroxide, chloride, sulfate, carbonate, nitrate, and chlorate. Hard to tell if any salts are being used to produce red orange or yellow. The ability of Bordeaux mixture to adhere to plants in The Crystal Blue Copper Sulfate Crystals Pond Treatment should be used as a pond algae treatment on actively growing algae in water temperature above 60F. This copper salt was used in older pyrotechnic formulas. Reacts violently with ammonium nitrate, bromates, iodates, chlorates, ethylene oxide, hydrazoic acid, potassium oxide, dimethyl sulfoxide Page 3 of 4 CU4500 + trichloroacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, sodium azide, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide + air, and lead azide. Jan 9, 2012 · Toss the assembled copper pipe and inserted garden hose into the fire. If you dissolve copper sulfate in methanol and burn the fuel, you get a bright Nov 25, 2019 · Copper (II) sulfate, also known as copper sulphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4. 1200; WARNING Harmful if swallowed. Barium electrons emit photons at 493 nm and 553 nm wavelengths when dropping energy levels, corresponding to green. It is made by exposing copper or copper oxide to a dilute sulfuric acid and then evaporating and the crude Protection during firefighting : Fight fire from safe distance and protected location. Oct 15, 2021 · You apply the copper fungicide by spraying it on plant leaves, and once the leaves get wet, copper ions penetrate the leaves. Acute poisonings from ingestion are rare due to their prompt removal by vomiting. Note: Wilson’s disease (individual absorbs, retains and stores copper excessively). Elizabeth Little, Extension Plant Pathologist The following is a supplemental guide to fungicides that are readily available to homes. These sprays can also help control other fungal diseases, such as apple blotch and bitter rot. It can be easily dehydrated to its gray anhydrous form by heating, then changed back to crystals by adding water. The product warns against opening the package since the contents that can be harmful to children. Copper sulfate is available through pet or aquarium stores to combat algae, or through home improvement stores as a root killer. The vinyl hoses contain PVC (poly vinyl chloride), and chlorine reacts with the copper pipe to form copper chloride. In the example of sodium hydroxide reacting with copper sulfate, new substances (sodium sulfate and copper hydroxide) are formed, indicating a chemical reaction. Chemical reactions are responsible for corrosion, staining, and even the green patina that develops on copper surfaces over time. )with it color of flame might be bluish green,I assume. Based on the emission spectrum of the element, the compound will change the color of the flame to a characteristic color. Unlike zinc sulfate, copper salts like copper sulfate are approved for use as an aquatic Nov 18, 2015 · This experiment explains how to make green fire using Cupric Sulfate (Copper Sulfate) and isopropyl alcohol. Feb 16, 2018 · Copper acetoarsenite (Paris Green) was omitted from testing due to its cost and limited availability. To create a white campfire, you can add magnesium sulfate into the fire. Jul 16, 2015 · Copper sulfate supplies CuO. The first step is to know the situations that warrant copper fungicide applications. Note: Since alcohol burns with a blue flame and turns copper a vivid green color, it is advise using alcohol or fuel derived from alcohol. To give a green flame, copper sulfate can be sprinkled on a fire. Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate: safety information, hazards, and handling instructions detailed in the International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC). It is made by exposing copper or copper oxide to a dilute sulfuric acid and then evaporating and the crude Blue alcohol rubbing alcohol, Heet methanol, 151 rum, or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, lighter fluid Violet potassium chloride salt substitute Table of Flame Colorants Color Chemical Common Source Green boric acid, borax, copper sulfate borax laundry booster, boric acid disinfectant or insect killer, copper sulfate root killer Potassium Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin cuprum) and atomic number 29. S. Sep 29, 2015 · Answer: The rate of Liquid Copper Fungicide you will use with water is entirely dependent on what disease you are treating for and on what type of plant. You'll get darker colors if you have a tight-fitting sagger with no gaps or openings admitting air. See a Green Fire Jack o’ Lantern in Action Calcium chloride for a yellowish-orange flame Table salt for a yellow flame Borax (sodium tetraborate) for a yellow-green flame Blue vitriol (copper sulfate) or barium for a green flame Saltpeter (potassium nitrate) for a violet flame Or Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) for a white flame. You can look at the following chart below to decide which one you May 25, 2023 · Household items can be used to create colorful flames: By adding certain chemicals to fire, such as baking soda, salt, boric acid, copper chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, rubbing alcohol, copper sulfate, and table salt, you can change the color of the flames and create beautiful and intriguing displays. Copper sulfate is usually sold as the pentahydrate. Calcium compounds glow orange in a flame. The flame test worked best for testing CuSO 4. Jul 28, 2020 · Learn how to form a blue-green copper compound on a penny, and then use that compound to make green flames. I found stuff called liquid fire (which is a drain cleaner and 98% concentrate). Take a piece of aluminium foil approximately the width of the base of the conical flask and approximately 20 cm long. Copper (II) Sulfate, Pentahydrate (7758-99-8) Listed on the United States TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) inventory Listed on SARA Section 313 (Specific toxic chemical listings) RQ (Reportable quantity, section 304 of EPA's 10 lb List of Lists) : How to Make Stunning Colored Fire That’ll Leave Everyone Awestruck Want to turn the annual campfire from a boring activity into a whole new level of awesomeness? Presenting the phenomenon of colored fire. Gains water readily. I tried doing the same and I dissolved a few grams of copper sulfate in some ethanol from the local farmacy (it is made of 70% ethanol and 30% water) trying to make it as concentrated as possoble. Copper compounds are used as an antifoulant in paints for use on marine vessels and as a fungicide for fruits and vegetables for prevention of bacterial diseases. Copper sulfate is a widely used chemical compound for controlling algae growth in various water bodies, such as ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and irrigation canals. Copper sulfate supports electroplating and metal displacement reactions, letting users deposit copper on various metals and build simple batteries. Get a chart of flame test colors and learn how the technique works. These include powdery mildew, downy mildew, black spot, rust, fire blight, and anthracnose. Have you ever noticed most stuff tends to burn yellow? Ever wonder why? In this chemistry demo Jake, Wizard IV, shows us how to make green fire (using copper sulfate)! Jake is a professional ICSC 0751 - COPPER SULFATE (anhydrous) May 13, 2023 · Finely divided copper is more reactive than solid copper and can react with oxygen in the air, leading to a fire or explosion. Read, and take notes. My use of copper fungicides revolves around their preventative capabilities. This is a partial list. Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: copper sulfate causes hydroxylamine to ignite. Ignites on contact with chlorine Copper sulfate to HCl making copper chloride? What's catching fire tho? Got some flammable solvent in the HCl? Sulfate salt to HCl would make some heat evapping the solvent making fumes. May 2, 2016 · Yet another question (hope im not wearing out my welcome) Would copper sulfate crystals work in a pit fire? just how dangerous would it be to use it? thanks. Copper Sulphate Fire #shorts #scienceexperiment * * * Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures * * * General Fire Hazards Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate is not combustible, but may decompose in the heat of a fire to produce corrosive and/ or toxic fumes. Volatile above about 1877 deg F, and become more volatile at higher temperatures. 5 Jul 3, 2014 · Adult supervision is required when using fire, burning the skewers and handling the copper sulfate. The various compounds will turn the flames different shades of green. This article explores the benefits of copper sprays for fungal and bacterial infections while promoting tree growth and fruit yield. Fire blight is one of the most devastating and difficult-to-control diseases of many fruit trees, including apple and pear, as well as of other rosaceous ornamental plants. Start by melting paraffin (from candle stubs or from blocks of canning wax from the grocery store) in a double boiler. Nov 21, 2020 · It's easy to create green flames using copper sulfate, which you can find in common household products. graybeard Jun 13, 2022 · Although copper fungicide won't solve every garden issue, it is a great problem solver for many common plant issues. Jun 9, 2024 · Campfire color-change cheat sheet: Green: Copper sulfate Blue: Copper chloride Red: Strontium chloride Orange: Calcium chloride Purple: Potassium chloride Soak Your Fuel Wood to Change Flame Colors To achieve the colored effect, you’ll want to begin by soaking your fuel source (logs, woods chips, dried pine cones, or newspaper) in a solution of the desired chemical. and copper chloride or copper sulfate which burn blue. The hydrated salt is vigorously reduced by hydroxylamine [Mellor 8:292 (1946-1947)]. When the compound to be studied is excited by heating it in a flame, the metal ions will emit light. Apr 8, 2017 · I have been using copper diammonia diacetate (Southern Ag brand), it is listed for fire blight but prevention has not been stellar. Chemical complexes with ammonia create striking colors useful for demonstrations and fiber Alum also make the flame appear green, just like copper sulfate does. we have redesigned our website to provide you with the up-to-date information about our products and services with easy navigation to our product specification . Single dose oral toxicity is low. The energy of the excited state (s) and Mixing different chemicals will not make a new color. Copper sulfate (copper sulfate pentahydrate) Soluble in water (320 mg/L at 68 F) High solubility increases phytotoxicity and decreases its residual activity on plant surfaces. So one day, Charlie decided to experiment with some bisque pots he had. Because copper formulations are corrosive, apply them during dormancy to avoid damaging foliage. It makes light blue/green flames. Apr 29, 2014 · This tutorial shows a safe, effective way to perform the colored flames chemistry demonstration without using liquid fuels or toxic chemicals. The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper (II) sulfate, [10] while its anhydrous form is white. Sep 25, 2017 · Flame Test A flame test is a procedure used to test qualitatively for the presence of certain metals in chemical compounds. Mar 6, 2024 · his guide unveils every nuanced shade of copper, complete with their names, HEX, RGB, and CMYK codes. oxygen deficient type) similarly if copper is not pure metal and has some corrosion products (copper sulfate etc. These ions are the ones that work on the pathogens. Magna-Bon CS 2005 offers growers a unique and effective OMRI-listed, copper sulfate pentahydrate that is an environmentally friendly bactericide fungicide that offers proven results through multiple levels of control on a range of specialty fruits, vegetables, citrus and tree nuts. [11] Older names for the pentahydrate include blue vitriol, bluestone, [12] vitriol of copper, [13 Flame Colors - HyperPhysics Flame Colors COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE can be dehydrated by heating. Boric acid crystals make green flames. When you consider that fungi cause a very high percentage of plant diseases, the wisdom of understanding how to use copper fungicide becomes clear. Weathering and Patination: The oxidation process Jun 2, 2021 · Bordeaux is a dormant season spray that is useful to combat fungal diseases and certain bacterial issues. Use water moderately and if possible collect or contain it. These compounds release copper ions that are toxic to fungi and bacteria but can also be harmful to plants if used excessively. Its depth mirrors the mystery of twilight, evoking a sense of wonder and luxury. what would be a good measurement for acid to copper sulfate to distilled water for these concentrations?. Sep 20, 2025 · Material Safety Data Sheet or SDS for Copper (II) sulfate 7758-98-7 from chemicalbook for download or viewing in the browser Flame test The flame test carried out on a copper halide. The history should contain questions relevant to intentional poisoning with copper salts and to ingestion of food and drink, especially acidic beverages or alcohol prepared in copper-containing vessels. It is used as an algicide, fungicide, herbicide, food additive, and wood preservative, and in pyrotechnics, textiles, and electroplating. Too much copper sulfate can damage the skin, affect the stomach and Acute Toxicity - Other Information: LD50,Oral, Rat: 300 mg/kg (Copper Sulfate), details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value. A tree-care professional could also apply growth regulators to your apple tree, which can harden twigs and make them less susceptible to infections. Dark Copper Dark Copper brings a dramatic flair to the copper family, melding the lustrous appeal of the original shade with added boldness. amylovora were analyzed. Dec 16, 2021 · Copper sulfate is corrosive to steel, iron, and galvanized pipes, so it could easily corrode the gas pipes and burners in a gas grill or fire pit. We explore these issues in this article. Disclaimer The information provided in this Safety Data Sheet is correct to the best of our knowledge, information and belief at the date of its publication. Lithopone, a pigment containing barium sulfate and zinc sulfide, has good covering power, and does not darken in the presence of sulfides. The green oxidation is commonly seen when pool chlorine is stored in the same room with electrical equipment and minimal ventilation, producing copper sulfide or hydrated copper sulfate. Calcium salts burn orange. Salts are made up of a metal and a nonmetal. Lithium chloride will produce pink flames, and strontium chloride red flames. Feb 15, 2018 · The color produced from this is a better blue then copper carbonate. The Chino open-pit copper mine in New Mexico Chalcopyrite specimen from Huarón mine, Peru Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. Copper sulfate should Aug 1, 2023 · A 23-year-old male with a history of bipolar disorder presented to the emergency department two hours after intentional ingesting an unknown quantity of the fire colorant “Mystical Fire,” which contains cupric sulfate (CuSO4) and cupric chloride (CuCl2). Feb 3, 2025 · When poured into fire, some powdered detergents can produce a blue flame due to the presence of copper sulfate or borates, which are commonly used as brightening agents. It forms hydrates CuSO4·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7. Oct 23, 2005 · When Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate is heated in a butane torch, it initially produces a green flame, while mixing it with potassium chlorate and sugar results in a blue flame. Dec 9, 2022 · How to Make Colored Fire You can find many colorants at your local grocery store. Alternatively, if you would like these chemicals—plus two Oct 27, 2009 · The pliers got noticeably hot during testing. Most, but likely not all, of the current brand names are listed here. By using less than an 1/16 lb per acre of metallic copper fighting fire blight, it’s more environmentally friendly than the competition. The flame would be a nice green color with a bit of yellow in it. Unlike copper chloride, it’s often available in home supply stores as well as online. May cause irritation to the eyes, respiratory system and skin. You can obtain copper sulfate I decided to pit fire, using the copper sulfate wash around the entire bowl, except the detail area. Oct 11, 2023 · Copper sulfate is a naturally occurring pesticide and can be found in plants, soil, food, and water. Infected shoot tips wilt and turn black, forming a characteristic “shepherd’s crook” shape, as if scorched by fire. When the air temperature is below freezing, it is Jul 2, 2025 · Charlie and Linda Riggs began experimenting with saggar firing after being disappointed with the results of some of their pit firings. COPPER SULFATE: CuS04 5H20 Appearance: Blue stone, dark blue crystals. oxygen rich or reducing i. e. Although not the oldest fungicide, Bordeaux mixture has been used successfully for more than 150 years on fruits, veg-etables, and ornamentals. Compounds containing copper, for example, give off blue flames when burned. CleanWater Act, Section 311, Table 117. ft. Barium (Ba) Barium nitrate or barium chlorate produce bright green flames. Copper compounds burn with a bright blue hue, while borates can create a greenish-blue effect. I used the copper sulfate iron wash around the detailed area. This reaction occurs because these chemicals alter the flame’s energy Oct 19, 2009 · Protective Equipment and Precautions for Firefighters As in any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent) and full protective gear. If you use another fuel, they usually burn yellow, and will not give as clear and vivid colours. What color does Copper burn with? That is why both copper chloride and copper sulfate burn blue. Anhydrous copper sulfate is a light grey powder. Sep 9, 2014 · Dissolve the copper (II) sulfate in the sulfuric acid and the copper (II) chloride in the hydrochloric acid and set the two solutions aside. In this study, mechanisms of the copper-based control agents (CBCAs): copper oxychloride (COCHL), copper oxide (COX), copper hydroxide (CHY), copper sulfate basic (CSB), and tribasic copper sulfate (TCS) and their disease severity reduction efficacy against E. You can also soak some cotton balls in methanol and the solution so that you make blueish fire balls. A remarkable reaction occurs, when the salt solution and the copper sulfate solution are mixed. Mar 30, 2022 · Dormant Copper Products In Utah, copper can be used on apple and pear as a management tool for fire blight, or on peach/nectarine to help prevent peach leaf curl. Exposure to fire/heat: have neighbourhood close doors and windows. Why is this interaction categorized as a chemical reaction, and how do the resulting substances, sodium sulfate, and copper hydroxide, serve as proof of this classification? Sep 10, 2013 · Notice the masking tape label at the blunt end, and the copper sulfate coating approximately 1 inch of the tip. Aww, cripes. This disease occasionally damages cotoneaster, crabapple, hawthorne, mountain ash, ornamental pear, firethorn, plum quince and spiraea. This compound is used in a wide range of industries, from pyrotechnics to viticulture. Then mix the solution with methanol and ignite it. Copper sprays during bloom can help prevent infection. 953% isopropyl alcohol to some copper sulphate powder and wicked most the liquid away, leaving a paste, than added a pinch more iso Firefighting instructions : Use water spray or fog for cooling exposed containers. Copper sulphate dissolves easily in water, especially after heating the water. The information given is designed only as a guidance for safe handling, use, processing, storage, transportation, disposal and release and is not to be considered a warranty or quality specification. Apr 16, 2025 · Fire refining may be used to further purify blister copper by removing sulfur and iron impurities. While not a common practice, copper sulfate can be used as a chemical agent to burn out a tree stump if other methods of tree stump removal have not worked, such as digging, rotting or grinding out a stump. Safety measures are important when experimenting with fire: Fire can be Copper Materials for Fire Blight Control Copper sulfate was used in the mid-eighteenth century to control stinking smut of wheat. If you follow the link below to the product page for the Liquid Copper and scroll down, you will see a chart listing out the different dilution ratios for each disease and plant. Asides from rock salt, another chemical compound you can burn to help clean your chimney is copper sulfate. You can always use the old way of sliding a length of garden hose inside a piece of copper tubing and tossing that in the fire. Try this practical or demonstration to illustrate the displacement of copper from copper sulfate using aluminium foil, with kit list and safety instructions. To create pure green fire, it mixes well with rubbing alcohol. Then he put a bisqued plate on top and put it in his top-hat Copper (Cu) Copper chloride or copper sulfate create blue-green flames. For more information, see the following Colorado State University Extension fact sheet (s). Anyway, in addition to copper sulfate, making the campfire look green, copper chloride can give it a distinctive blue color. The underlying aluminium metal is quickly attacked by the copper ions and the water. Bordeaux mixture combines copper sulfate with lime (cal-cium hydroxide), which acts as a “safener” to neutralize the acidic copper sulfate — this reduces plant damage. He put some wood shavings, salt, copper carbonate/copper sulfate and wire encircling a white burnished pot into a bisqued bowl. Make sure the product is pure copper sulfate and that it is in powder or small crystals form. Do not enter fire area without proper protective equipment, including respiratory protection. The following Hazardous Substances are listed under the U. Wear safety goggles och protective gloves. Both are incompatible with magnesium, corrode steel and iron, may react with alkalis, phosphates, acetylene For example, in the case of copper ion, there are multiple different "paths" that the excited electrons can follow to emit photon of certain discrete energy. The protective oxide layer at once is destroyed, probably by complex formation with the copper-chloride combination. Feb 6, 2010 · Anybody have any experience with using copper sulphate to kill roots growing in a sewer line? If so, How much did you use per application? How many applications did you apply? Was there any long lasting negative impact on the surrounding trees? Thanks. In the content below the video, find information about chemical reactions with fire, important safety measures and steps for trying this at home. The copper ion from copper sulfate emits a bright green color when heated. You get some blues and green flames from the reaction. The mixture will begin to react vigorously and produce hydrogen gas. Jan 21, 2008 · Copper sulfate is a chemical compound which is produced commercially by reacting various copper (II) compounds with sulfuric acid. What effect does copper carbonate have when thrown by handfuls onto a pit fire? I saw a clip of Sumi von Dassow doing this, and wondered what it produces when used that way. 6% black copper oxide = 3. Protection during firefighting : Exposure to fire/heat: keep upwind. Violet- Potassium chloride ("no salt") Blue - Alcohol ("hand sanitizer") green-Boric acid or copper sulfate ("roach killer") Yellow-sodium chloride ("table salt") Orange-salt & flare mixture red -strontium nitrate ("red emergency flare") Of course fuel and a match. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. A metallic taste, nausea, vomiting and burning feeling in the upper stomach region occur after ingestion of copper and its derivatives. Exercise caution when fighting any chemical fire. SECTION 5 — FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES Nonflammable, noncombustible solution. Color will come from salt, copper carbonate, and ferric chloride. You can obtain copper sulfate Copper Sulfate Green Fire Copper sulfate is a root-killing and algicide agent. Apply copper fungicide to fruits, vegetables, ornamentals and other plants in your lawn and garden for complete and long-lasting disease control. I noticed that ppl are using battery acid for making their own solution ( which is about 40% sulfiric acid). It is effective at managing and preventing algae blooms, which can harm aquatic life, affect water quality, and hinder recreational activities. I've done some research about it, and have found that the salts of some metals can be used for the intended purpose (for instance, copper sulphate burns green). Jan 3, 2025 · Discover the essential guide to spraying copper on fruit trees to combat pests and diseases effectively. Growers are encouraged to apply these sprays to their trees to help keep them healthy and disease-free. Exposure to fire/heat: consider evacuation. When you load your pots in the saggar, you may try including some dried manure, Epsom salts, various fruit or vegetable peels, nuts, pits, old cat or dog food, and different types of sawdust. Copper sulfate is found at hardware stores in products such as ROOTO (tm) copper sulphate root killer. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Jul 26, 2025 · Bacteria cause diseases such as fire blight and specific types of leaf spot, and while copper fungicide can manage these, they require careful application due to bacteria’s propensity to develop resistance. INGESTION: copper sulfate may induce severe gastroenteric distress (vomiting, gastroenteric pain, and local corrosion and hemorrhages), prostration, anuria, hematuria, anemia, increase in white blood cells, icterus, coma, respiratory difficulties, and circulatory failure. Nov 3, 2022 · Copper sulfate has been used for centuries as seed treatment and also to treat fire blight in dormant trees. For crabapple trees, use either streptomycin or a copper fungicide (copper sulfate or copper ammonium complex) during bloom. Copper (II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu SO 4. Have a fire extinguisher Jun 3, 2021 · Mix the solution into the methanol. And for a red flame, adding lithium chloride or strontium chloride can do the Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact or ingestion of ethanol, copper (II)chloride, copper sulfate, strontium chloride, lithium chloride or iron filings. Copper compounds glow green or blue-green in a flame. Aug 6, 2014 · Colorings of your Choice: Copper nitrate or Copper Sulfate (for a green flame) Table salt (for a yellow flame) Potassium chloride (for violet or blue flame) Calcium Chloride (For Bright Orange Fire) Alternatively, if you’d prefer not to use the shellac method listed above, you can take wood shavings and a couple of cheap dollar store candles. Copper Sulfate Crystals Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylov-ora, is a serious disease of apple and pear. Feb 20, 2023 · Copper ions release more readily under acidic conditions and copper pesticides, except copper sulfate pentahydrate, should not be used with acid forming products. 5 Potassium dichromate base and a variety of salt granules. Immerse yourself in copper's captivating spectrum. Architectural Considerations Weathering, Corrosion, Staining, Substrate, Solder, Sealants One of the most important issues concerning the use of copper is the chemical reaction between copper and other materials. Fall and winter are the best times to protect plants from spring fungal problems with homemade Bordeaux mixture. Anyways You Can Craft Copper Sulfate With The New Copper Nugget & Gunpowder Now You Have Copper Sulfate Whixh Looks Like Redstone But Green Copper Carbonate …greens, blues, maroons, reds Copper Sulfate …greens, blues, maroons, reds Cobalt Carbonate …blues Ferric Chloride …reds, yellows, oranges Steel wool …blues, grays, pinks Banana peels …greens, grays Copper wire …can be red, black, blue, green, whites depending on wire thickness and temperature of the fire We are fired up with another episode of Scorched Science! Campfire season is upon us and this time we are demonstrating a colorful science-infused trick to take bonfires to the next level. Copper Sulfate | CuSO4 or CuO4S | CID 24462 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. Jun 15, 2022 · Learn how to perform the flame test in chemistry. You The sodium hydroxide and the copper sulfate combined make a total of 67 grams and the product is split because the sodium sulfate is 47 grams and the copper hydroxide is 20 grams but all together it is still 67 grams so you could say that the mass was conserved The proof of the reaction is the appearance of pale blue precipitates of basic Copper sulfate can be used before leaves form in early spring. The technique is archaic and of questionable reliability, but once was a component of qualitative inorganic analysis. Because the copper compound will not be consumed by the fire, simply add more fuel to keep the color bright. Organisms need copper for their normal function and adjust their internal environment to keep copper levels steady. 45 WIB. Linda Arbuckle's Ceramic Materials Guide: Toxic. Copper is also used in carbides and high-speed steels. The vomitus is usually green/blue and discolors contaminated skin. Some of the items that you’ll want to look for are copper chloride (CuC12), sodium, borax, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride (notice a pattern here). It is also found in blossom end rot spray for your tomatoes. Jan 10, 2025 · What Are Copper Sprays? Copper sprays consist of metallic copper compounds, commonly copper sulfate or copper hydroxide. Looking for advice on fruit tree diseases and pests? Learn more about apple scab, insect fruit pests, fungicides, miticides, and insecticides. Very toxic to aquatic life. Apr 23, 2020 · Learn how to make colored fire at home in your fireplace or campfire. Jul 23, 2025 · Discover the 6 best copper sprays to protect your plants from devastating blight. In the late nineteenth century, Millardet in the Bordeaux region of France found that a combination of copper sulfate and lime was effective against grape downy mildew. Here's a simple tutorial for making green fire or green flames using household chemicals. Sep 24, 2024 · Flame test colors are used to identify different elements, with distinct hues like strontium's red, copper's blue-green, and potassium's purple. The addition of compounds like borax, boric acid, barium, and copper sulfate can all turn flames green. Copper carbonate does not dissolve easily in water. The green and red from CuSO4 and SrCl2 are also attractive. Follow label directions carefully. In the lab and/or for demonstration purposes, this is typically achieved by holding a magnesium oxide stick with a bit of the salt attached into the flame of a Bunsen Jul 27, 2025 · How to Use Copper Fungicide? The Precise Steps You should use copper fungicides safely and correctly to avoid damaging yourself and the plants. It “works” in gas fires to the extent that it makes all the same pretty colors, but at risk of damage. 3. The sulfate, as permanent white, is also used in paint, in X-ray diagnostic work, and in glass making. Procedure Heat copper sulphate crystals in a dry test tube. Copper Sulfate— This blue crystal is an agricultural fungicide. g. 4 Soak the pine cones in the solution for 6 hours. Copper and its compounds are used in electrical switches, electrical wiring, plumbing pipes, electroplating and thermal spraying, and roofing and building construction. Jul 25, 2025 · Copper fungicides contain active ingredients like copper sulfate, copper hydroxide, or copper octanoate. Show the flame colours of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and other metal salts by safely spraying sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, copper sulfate and ethanol through a bunsen flame. You're right! Various melts salts are known to colourize a flame. Conclusion A flame test for detecting copper works extremely well for some substances and OK for others, but not at all for some copper samples. The natural minerals within this mixture are measured in just the right order and amounts to provide peach trees long Feb 24, 2009 · BUT the real reason for using them is the copper sulphate keeps the chimney clear. This is mostly contained in commercial chimney cleaning products. Jun 19, 2025 · Understanding Electrolytic Refining Electrolytic Refining of Copper: Step-by-Step Guide Preparation of the Anode and Cathode The process begins with preparing the anodes, made from fire-refined blister copper containing 98-99. It is an effective fungicide and bactericide for controlling diseases in peach trees and other fruit trees, nut trees and ornamental plants. Persons acutely poisoned by copper (especially copper sulfate) should be evaluated initially for nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Mar 21, 2014 · Copper (II) Sulfate Anhydrous Flinn Scientific SDS Sheets Learn health and safety information about chemicals. Copper sulfate is readily soluble in water and can burn foliage and fruit (phytotoxicity). Add 2 – 3 drops of water to the sample of heated copper sulphate. Procedure To do the activity with a campfire: Throw copper sulphate into the fire, to make green-blue flames. Music provide May 28, 2012 · Copper sulfate spray for peaches is a combination of copper sulfate, lime and water that is commonly referred to as Bordeaux mixture. 5% copper, and the cathodes, which are thin sheets of high-purity copper. Both forms are incompatible with finely powdered metals. How many words is that so far, like a… Oct 26, 2010 · I use copper carbonate washes to create black residues in crevices of clay sculpture. See which chemical produce the colors of the rainbow and where to find them. Is Copper Corrosive Aug 8, 2022 · A copper sulfate spray in early spring can also reduce the rate of infection. A pyrotechnic colorant is a chemical compound which causes a flame to burn with a particular color. These fuels contain enough water to dissolve the salt, but enough alcohol to burn effectively. Meanwhile, traditional control methods, based on copper and antibiotic use, are losing their effectiveness and raise increasing environmental concerns. Finally, electrolytic refining is employed to achieve 99. Note: For transportation purposes the term, forbidden devices, may also include mixtures or devices that contain a chlorate and an ammonium salt, or an acidic metal salt, or devices that contain yellow or white phosphorus, devices that combine an explosive and a detonator or blasting cap, and any device that has not been approved by DOT. Almost zero, the copper sulfate anhydride is non-flammable. Sodium compounds glow yellow in a flame. Mix a half-pound of individual chemical in two gallons of water and soak pine cones or scraps of pine lumber overnight. Jul 1, 2014 · Chemicals to burn, specifically table salt and copper sulfate: Table salt is technically called sodium chloride. You can purchase a prepared mixture or make your own Bordeaux fungicide preparation as you need it. The copper sheet ended up Nov 12, 2024 · Several copper-sulfate and copper-ammonium products are labeled for this use; be sure to read an follow all label directions for mixing and application--the label is the law. A flame test is relatively quick test for the presence of some elements in a sample. tony ray - Nebo, North Carolina February 24, 2009 publicly reply to tony ray 2005 Oct 3, 2015 · For example, "If I burn copper sulfate, sodium chloride, strontium chloride, and boric acid, then, yes, the flames of each compound will have different colors". Dark Copper HEX Incompatible materials:Liquid copper explodes on contact with water. Read on to learn exactly how to create green flames, what causes fire to burn green, and whether green flames are safe. He subsequently developed nausea and abdominal pain and had several episodes of vomiting. Potentially fatal if swallowed. It is a combination of sulfur and copper. we used to add them to a hot fire - I use them 2 times a week and burn mostly pine daily and have very little build up at the end of the season. It is soluble in water, methanol, slightly soluble in alcohol and glycerol. Ingestion of large amounts may cause gastrointestinal irritation or ulceration. Oct 26, 2009 · each metal gives different shade and color if put in the flame (fire) this also has relationship with the flame type (oxidizing i. Jul 26, 2025 · If you want to make green fire, simply mix household products that contain copper and boron, like boric acid, Borax, and copper sulfate, with methanol. It was then ignited in a closed container resulting … Fire Blight is the worst nightmare for apple and pear growers, it devastates orchards and livelihoods, and fighting back involves thankless effort and endless pruning. May 31, 2024 · All you have to do is add some copper sulfate to the fuel, fire it, and relish the green flames! You can reuse copper sulfate repeatedly if you are burning clean fuel since the copper is not burned by the fire. Made with 99% copper sulfate pentahydrate, Adios! Tree Root Killer is a commercial and industrial grade treatment for professionals and home users alike. You can dissolve copper sulfate using hydrochloric acid. Choose the correct type of copper fungicide, wear protective gear, prune the plant, and spray it properly on the foliage. It seems one can also use copper hydroxide (Kocide, etc), and that straight copper sulfate is listed and used as well. Jan 25, 2024 · The probable question may be: Explain the observations and changes in properties for the reaction between Sodium Hydroxide and Copper Sulfate. Welcome to JINYUANCHEM online. : Dilute toxic gases with water spray. Ignite the fuel for the blue fire. Other metallic salts produce some outstanding colors but can be hard to obtain. Pretty cool if you ask me Reply reply Significant_Owl8974 • Reply reply externaliti • Reply reply Significant_Owl8974 • Reply reply more Sep 21, 2012 · Emergency Overview Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate is a blue, odorless, crystalline solid or powder. These are used to create the colors in pyrotechnic compositions like fireworks and colored fires. Jun 3, 2020 · Have you ever wanted to color the flames of your candles? Here's a look at what's involved in making colored candle flames. Copper (II) sulfate decomposes at high temperatures, potentially forming copper (II) oxide Approximate conversion: 5% copper carbonate = 3. Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Not available. Fire can be different colours depending on what is burning. Firefighters should use full protective Jun 27, 2018 · Here's a simple tutorial for making green fire or green flames using household chemicals. Follow label recommendations for application Sep 20, 2025 · A copper torch is a non-solid block that emits light and the copper variant of regular torches that can also be used to craft copper lanterns. Issues such as downy For example, 2 ppm is the same as 0. Jul 6, 2025 · Blue-green flame effects by burning copper sulfate in alcohol offer stunning visual entertainment. Dancing Blue Flame: I did this experiment to demonstrate and study the reaction between copper chloride- HCl Solution and Aluminum foil. Copper is an essential nutrient for humans, animals, and plants. When heated to decomposition it emi Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Nitromethanes and copper salts spontaneously form explosive materials Let me introduce you to Magna-Bon CS 2005, a copper sulfate pentahydrate in-solution formula that is OMRI-listed with systemic capabilities. This material is classified as a severe marine pollutant and should not be released into the environment. After I've done * * * Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures * * * General Fire Hazards Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate is not combustible, but may decompose in the heat of a fire to produce corrosive and/ or toxic fumes. keeps creosote from building up. I didn't know I'd have to write a description. The other chemicals can be purchased from Boreal Laboratories. Also A New Change Is If You Light A Flint And Steel On A Copper Block. It is soluble in water, starts decomposing at 302°F (150°C), loses four water molecules by 392°F (200°C), then changes to copper oxide and sulfur trioxide by 1202°F (650°C). But then how is the flame blue? Why even use a copper salt and HCl if it's just a solvent vapor then? Hmm Its a riddle Reaction of Copper (II) Sulfate with Steel Wool When copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) reacts with steel wool (which is primarily composed of iron, Fe), the following observable changes occur: Answer: d. Unfortunately, there is no 100% effective prevention measure for Fire Blight, and the best way to avoid damage is to carefully monitor your trees for early signs and prune out as soon as possible. It is a combination of copper sulfate, lime and water. 1. The bound water does not make the substance more dangerous: in fact, it makes it less dangerous, as the anhydrous (means 'without water') copper sulfate is a highly irritating powder which can easily be kicked up into a cloud of dust. Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Nitromethanes and copper salts spontaneously form explosive materials (Copper sulfate pentahydrate) Additionally, if fire blight is expected to be severe on apples in the upcoming season, a copper fungicide spray (copper sulfate or copper ammonium complex) can be made during dormancy – just before buds open. CleanWater Act, Section 311, Table 116. These compounds work as fungicides and bactericides, controlling fungal infections like powdery mildew and bacterial diseases such as fire blight. The green flame may be due to the presence of copper ions, while the blue flame suggests a different reaction mechanism. This means that 5 moles of water are bound into the crystal structure for each 1 mole of copper sulfate. Copper chloride does decompose chlorates. Jun 16, 2018 · Both colors are caused by oxidation as the copper reacts to elements in the environment. Copper (II) sulfate or copper sulfate pentahydrate is readily available as an algicide and root killer. A soluble form of copper, not usually used in glazes. Remove the test tube from the flame and allow it to cool for some time. The colours appear when electrons in the metals, excited by the heat, fall back to lower energy states and release light. 5 ppm metallic copper), the calculation would be as follows: 0. Methanol Copper Sulphate (or Copper Chloride II) Hydrochloric Acid You must use Methanol, or ethanol, because they burn with an invisible flame. Find Copper Sulfate On Fire GIFs that make your conversations more positive, more expressive, and more you. Dec 28, 2021 · Colored fire spray bottles demonstration the principles of the flame test and emission spectra. Methanol is adsorbed through the skin. Apply a thin layer of glue to the last 1 inch of the tip of a skewer as shown in Figure 2. Spray first applications in late autumn, after the tree completes its leaf drop, and then again in early spring just Synonyms: Copper Sulfate Crystals, Blue Copper, Blue Stone, Blue Vitriol, Copper (II) sulfate, Cupric Sulfate, Copper Sulfate Fine 200, Fine 100, Fine 30, 20, Small, Medium, Large, FCC IV, and Very High Purity encies involving a spill, leak, fire, exposure, or accident involvi Copper sulphate + Aluminium + Hcl = Blue fire NEET BIO wave 11 subscribers Subscribed Jul 5, 2025 · Material Safety Data Sheet or SDS for Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate 7758-99-8 from chemicalbook for download or viewing in the browser PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI) confirmed the fire that occurred at the sulfate acid factory located in the Special Economic Zone (KEK) Gresik, East Java (East Java), Monday, at 17. Blue-green vomitus is diagnostic. Description and Use Cupric Sulfate is an odorless, white or bluish-white granule or crystalline (sand-like) powder. Copper sulfate is pretty common for green and copper chloride is pretty common for blue/green. Music:Silver by RiotYoutube Audio Library SECTION 11 : Toxicological information SECTION 12 : Ecological information Ecotoxicity Copper Sulfate: Copper has high chronic and acute toxicity to aquatic life. A cure Oct 17, 2007 · Emergency Overview Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate is a blue, odorless, crystalline solid or powder. Several products contain a fixed copper sulfate and may list the active ingredient as basic copper sulfate (Cuprofix) or copper sulfate pentahydrate (CS 2005, Mastercop, Instill, Phyton 27). These excited states then relax to the ground state with emission of a photon. When designing or selecting a blue pyrotechnic formula, careful consideration should be given to flame temperature and fuel/oxidizer primary systems. This is a bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, which can spread rapidly, killing individual apple and pear trees when conditions are right for disease development and if susceptible rootstocks are used. Prevent fire-fighting water from entering environment. Learn optimal spraying times, application techniques, safety precautions, and post-application care tips. Listed common garden diseases include blight, black spot, powdery mildew peach leaf curl and more. Table salt is technically called sodium chloride. 6 Copper sulfate on top; cobalt sulfate on bottom; potassium phosphate over all. This technique of using certain chemical Other metallic salts that will change the color of a fire include potassium chloride or potassium permanganate (Condy’s Crystals), which burn violet, magnesium sulfate (epsom salts), which burns white. This produces multiple spectra lines because each discrete energy level difference will yield a specific wavelength of light, which determines the color. Principle In flame tests, ions are excited thermally. Firefighters should use full protective Is copper spray good for apple trees Dormant copper sprays are an effective way to control fire blight and apple scab on apples and pears. Therefore, to calculate the amount of Copper Sulfate Crystals to treat 1 acre-foot of water with 2 ppm Copper Sulfate Crystals (or 0. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling Mixing different chemicals will not make a new color. It has a tendency to oxidize and produce sulfuric acid; care should be taken with chlorate mixtures. Wait till your fire has burned down to some coals and low flame, then add the treated material to see the best show of colors. Oct 10, 2005 · Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable. 3: Copper(II) sulphate 7758-98-7 >= 90 - <= 100 % This product contains the following toxic Provides safety and handling information for copper sulfate pentahydrate, including its properties, hazards, and recommended precautions. 000002 X 2,720,000 = 5. Dec 22, 2021 · Learn how to make copper sulfate, a blue chemical used for growing crystals and other chemistry experiments. This product contains Copper Sulfate and is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 of the Emergency Planning and Community-Right-to-Know-Act of 1986 (40 CFR 372). The information relates only to the Chemical Incompatibility Chart Mixing these chemicals purposely or as a result of a spill can result in heat, fire, explosion, and/or toxic gases. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other Copper (II) Sulfate, 5-Hydrate Classification of the chemical in accordance with paragraph (d) of §1910. Oct 15, 2018 · Copper sulfate does not dissolve in methanol to release the copper ion to make the green flame. In this classic science experiment, students report on the colours produced when flame tests are carried out on different metal salts. Therefore, take the following safety precautions: Do the demonstration in the company of an adult with experience of fire. This type of reaction is called a thermal decomposition reaction, and it is a common hazard in industrial settings where copper is processed or handled in bulk. Serves as a weak oxidizing agent. These compounds can produce a green flame when added to a fuel source such as You can chose some of this items to use, and every one of them gives you a different color. Maximum use in potable water applications per NSF formulation - 2 ppm Recreating Wild Fire's green flames from Game of Thrones (GoT) by catapulting flaming Copper sulfate in methanol onto paper and aluminum boats. Two major apple pathogens, the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora and the apple scab pathogen Venturia inaequalis, are highly sensitive Blue copper Sulfate Fire 🔥 #shorts Green Fire fountain from copper sulphate ethanol mix 🔥⛲️ #shorts Three cases involved the product Mystical Fire manufactured by Mystical Distributing. Some of the fungi that copper fungicide helps prevent and treat include: Fire Blight Anthracnose Black spot Septorial leafspot Downey Mildew Powdery Mildew Copper Fungicide as a Fertilizer Copper sulfate is also useful Aug 3, 2023 · Our high purity copper sulfate based formula is EPA approved and made specifically for eliminating tree roots, shrub roots and preventing initial root growth or regrowth into drains and pipes. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Research proves lower copper rates increase yields for growers. Jan 15, 2025 · Yes, you can make green fire by using boric acid or copper sulfate as a colorant in a controlled burning environment. It slowly effluoresces in air. If you use copper sulfate, the best fuel is rubbing alcohol or ethanol (about 70%). The characteristic bluish-green color of the flame is due to the copper. Granular copper can be applied in 1 of 3 different ways: broadcast crystals, place crystals in a burlap bag and drag behind boat, or dissolve crystals and spray. Notes Copper sulfate is a blue crystalline powder or granulate. 387 likes, 1 comments - techpreneeur on February 2, 2025: "When poured into fire, some powdered detergents can produce a blue flame due to the presence of copper sulfate or borates, which are commonly used as brightening agents. This is a great summer time activity for your next campfire! Materials Chemicals to burn, specifically table salt and copper sulfate. For example, copper octanoate (Cueva) is a copper soap, copper hydroxide product (Previsto) is formulated with a polymer matrix designed to lessen toxicity of copper ions on the plant surface, and copper sulfate pentahydrate products (e. 000002 when used in this calculation. At high‐fire, it may fume adjacent ware. COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE can be dehydrated by heating. The copper ion in fungicides disrupts the biological processes of these pathogens, halting their growth. Each of these has a corresponding color that they will emit when thrown into the fire. Causes hydroxylamine to ignite. What else can I throw into a pit fire Feb 15, 2020 · The presence of these in a fire can also cause the flames to turn blue while they are burning. In case of fire: Use a tri-class dry chemical fire extinguisher. GIPHY animates your world. Enhance your organic gardening practices and protect Provides safety information and guidelines for handling anhydrous copper sulfate. 24% red copper oxide. Chemical cleaners are intended to be used after chimneys are cleaned or when new. I saw an experiment on youtube that consisted in dissolving copper sulfate in a flamable fluid and lighting it on fire. Another variation for creating fireplace colors is to make wax cakes containing chemicals. Protection during firefighting : Do not enter fire area without proper protective equipment, including respiratory protection. Here is how to make and use them safely. Copper emits photons at 521 nm and 582 nm wavelengths, corresponding to blue-green. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orange color. 4A: Copper(II) sulphate 7758-98-7 >= 90 - <= 100 % The following Hazardous Chemicals are listed under the U. Electrolyte Solution Composition The electrolyte solution, a mix of copper sulfate (CuSO₄) and Question: According to the MSDS for copper sulfate anhydride, what is the risk in this experiment of the copper sulfate itself catching fire in the crucible? ca. Bordeaux mixture—a combination of copper sulfate, lime, and water—is an effective fungicide and bactericide that has been used for decades to control diseases of fruit and nut trees, vine fruits, and ornamental plants. Selecting fireblight resistant varieties of apples, pears, and crabapples is a good way to minimize the chances of fireblight infection. Should vomiting not occur, or is delayed systemic poisoning may occur producing kidney and liver damage, wide Mar 19, 2012 · The use of copper for disease control on apples has always been viewed from two directions as the very positive disease-control benefits of coppers are counterbalanced with the risk of phytotoxicity to trees, most notably through russeting of apple fruit. However, fungal diseases are difficult to control and results aren?t guaranteed. Jul 24, 2025 · Fire Blight: A highly destructive bacterial disease (*Erwinia amylovora*) affecting plants in the rose family, such as apples, pears, and pyracantha. 1r8efp kpc zjkm vajt hwq3 uefz 5op lgyimi w9 kaj4scp